Abstract
The paper encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the life cycle of high-strength concrete (HSC), as well as a work on how HSC is made. Recycled concrete aggregate and multi-recycled concrete aggregate were utilized to partially replace natural aggregate (NA) in the production of the HSCs, while fly ash and silica fume were employed in place of cement. Firstly, the fresh state examination included a flow table test and compressive strength was tested at 28, 90, and 180 days. Moreover, the other aspects (cost and environmental life cycle) were considered to fulfill the sustainability of HSC, which might fit many applications in the building industry. The application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques can help in the development of sustainable concrete by identifying the best choice among multiple alternatives. Therefore, life cycle assessment (LCA) and MCDM technique, namely TOPSIS, were employed to select the best concrete mixture regardless of its generation. The output of the LCA is distributed as input for the TOPSIS technique. The results showed that the third generation of concrete, when compared to the first or second generation of recycled concrete, offers a more favorable alternative with acceptable technical performance, lower environmental impact, and less budget.
