By extending the Generalized Fisher Index Decomposition from four factors to five factors based on extending the Johan identity, we established the factor decomposition model of carbon emission per capita of energy consumption in Jilin Province that considered comprehensively the impacts of industrial energy structure, industrial energy intensity, industrial structure, economic development and population urbanization on carbon emission of energy consumption. We analyzed carbon emission of energy consumption and quantified the contribution ratio of various influencing factors during 2000-2012 based on this model. Meanwhile, we discussed the effects of various influencing factors’ changes on carbon emission increase. The analysis results also provide corresponding policy recommendations about energy-saving and emission-reduction.