Liu X., Klemeš J., Varbanov P., Qian Y., Yang S., 2015, Safety Issues Consideration for Direct and Indirect Heat Transfer on Total Sites, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 151-156.
Total Site Heat Integration (TSHI) is a widely used methodology. When implementing the TSHI method safety issues are important to account for and need to be paid attention throughout the process design. Most safety evaluation tools focus mainly on the safety of the reactor and separator process modules. Energy targeting and safety issues should be considered jointly. The suggested considerations focus on the safety issues of pipelines, heat exchangers and the streams that exchange heat at TS level. These issues affect the heat recovery networks and utility targets on a site and influence energy consumption. The direct and indirect HI scenarios are analysed using the assessment tool. The safety analysis identifies the critical equipment and streams requiring increased attention for and can reveal the potential risks of heat loss. The safety assessment result confirms that the indirect HI scenario bears less risk and less unexpected heat loss compared with direct HI scenario.
