Removal of CO2 from Flue Gas at High Temperature Using Novel Porous Solids

Abstract

Since the CO₂ separation is the first and most energy intensive step of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, many research have targeted at improving the current technologies or developing new approaches of CO₂ separation and capture. In this study, lithium orthosilicate-based pellets were developed and characterized as potential regenarable high-temperature CO₂ sorbents. A mechanical method was used for pelletization of the powdered materials, namely K₂CO₃-doped lithium silicate (Li₄SiO₄). For increasing the performance of the pellets over multiple cycles an activation strategy was applied: the powdered sorbents were pelletized with a binder for enhancing their porosity by applying a thermal activation before adsorption process. Different amounts of binders (layered graphite and carbon nanotubes) were added to powered doped-sorbent in order to identify the optimal amount to ensure an adequate porosity into the pellets. The CO₂ sorption properties of the obtained pellets were investigated by using a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) in a controlled gas flow environment at low CO₂ partial pressure (0.04 atm). Compared to the pure K₂CO₃-doped lithium silicate pellets, the sorbents prepared using layered graphite showed greater CO₂ capture capabilities, which were ascribed to the higher porosity developed as a result of the activation. At 580 °C and a CO₂ partial pressure of 0.04 atm, the uptake of CO₂ in pellets prepared with 20 % of graphite reached about 200 mg CO₂/g sorbent within 120 minutes corresponding to a Li₄SiO₄-conversion of 72.1 %. During multiple sorption/desorption cycles, a decay of the sorption capacity of the pellets was observed due to a partial sintering of the materials.