Sulphur Dioxide and Oxygen Adsorption Isotherm Breakthrough Time on Surface Porous Palm Shell Activated Carbon

Abstract

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) releases from various industries can affect the environment and human health. Activated carbon has been widely studied in gas and liquid adsorption due to its capability in filtration to remove organic materials and particulate matter. Palm kernel shell (PKS) is an agricultural by-product from palm-oil processing mills. PKS has been used as the based material for the production of activated carbon (AC). The research is aimed to produce AC derived from sustainable palm solid waste and to study the breakthrough time adsorption isotherm of SO₂ and oxygen (O₂) on the AC. In this study, palm kernel shell activated carbon (PKS-AC) was prepared via carbonisation, impregnation and activation. The dry PKS was carbonised at 700 °C for 2 h in a furnace and was then impregnated with ferric chloride hexahydrate (FECI₃.6H₂O) in 1:5 ratios (ferric chloride hexahydrate to PKS-char). The treated PKS-char was activated through microwave heating at 400 W power level and 6 min irradiation time. The prepared AC were characterised using Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Nitrogen adsorption isotherm. Breakthrough adsorption of SO₂ and O₂ was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results shows that the prepared AC produced 23 and 7.5 s breakthrough time for SO₂ and O₂ adsorption. In conclusion, AC that produced from agricultural waste via impregnation with ferric chloride and microwave induced can be a new promising method for the production of simple and good quality of AC.