By simulating old concrete through artificial accelerated carbonation, this paper performs the SHPB dynamic impact test and studies the impact resistance of old concrete after carbonation. It obtains the dynamic mechanics performance parameters, including impact compressive strength and dynamic increase factor (DIF), of the concrete of different strength grades at different ages under different strain rates. The results show that: high-strength concrete has better resistance to carbonation than low-strength concrete and that strain rate has some enhancement effects on the impact compressive strength and DIF of concrete.