With the development of modern social science and technology, the role of the chemical industry in social development is increasingly important. The chemical industry has promoted China's economic progress. While the economic benefits are good, it also brings about certain environmental pollution problems. The pollution of chemical wastewater is a major problem in protecting the ecological environment and building a harmonious home. The analysis of the pollution characteristics of chemical wastewater must be carried out in order to effectively adopt effective control strategies. Therefore, this paper discusses the pollution and control of chemical wastewater from two aspects: the analysis of the pollution characteristics of chemical wastewater and the control of chemical wastewater pollution.