Abstract
Countries across the world have undertaken measures to raise efficiencies of industrial operations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) that promotes industrial symbiosis effectively cuts down on GHG emissions from industrial processes. An EIP is a complex multi-criteria spatial initiative that requires a location with the facilities and features to host clusters of industries that collaborate to synergise resources, ultimately reducing carbon emissions. To make EIP site selection optimal and precise, this study presents a hybrid fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) model that was tested using six criteria for EIP site selection defined by Boolean logic. The GIS was used to generate the 2019 Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Euclidean distance, and reclassified raster layers of Tanjung Langsat Industrial Area (TLIA) spatial data. The criteria weights were assessed using F-AHP (triangular fuzzy numbers), and sensitivity analysis (SA) was used to check for any weight variation. The 2 % and 3 % changes in SA are insignificant when compared to the original weight. Waterbodies, roads, residential, industries, surface temperature, and slope have weight importance of 28, 22, 15, 14, 12, and 7 %. In the northern part of TLIA, the GIS-FAHP hybrid model produced the best (dark green 5 %) suitable EIP site, the second-best (light green 45 %) and moderately-suitable (yellow 25 %) sites surround the best site, while the low (light brown 15 %) and unsuitable (red 10 %) locations are near to the coast. The designed hybrid model approach demonstrates that TLIA is suitable for EIP development. The hybrid tool was developed for the selection of greenfield sites and the conversion of brownfield industrial parks to EIP status. The economic, environmental, social, and technical status of any site evaluated and accepted for EIP development is important to reduce carbon emissions.
