Global population growth and industrialisation have led to an increase in scheduled waste generation, which poses a threat to the environment and human health. Due to the heterogeneous characteristics of scheduled waste, the quality of the products is affected. Therefore, it is essential to develop a waste-to-raw material conversion process that could enhance the quality of industrial wastes-based solid fuel (IWSF). In this work, the synthesis process of IWSF to remove heavy metal content efficiently was performed, and temperatures were varied around 100 °C, 300 °C and 500 °C to examine the effect of temperature on the quality of the produced IWSF. Based on simulation results, it was found that the reactor temperature did not significantly affect the IWSF, and its heavy metal content was reduced enough to comply with Malaysia Environmental Quality (Schedules Wastes) 2015.
