Design and Installation of Coastal Flood Monitoring Device Using Ultrasonic Sensors and LoRa-Based Technology for Real-Time Data Collection and Storage

Abstract

Coastal towns in Bataan are nowadays suffering from coastal flooding. The simultaneous occurrence of land subsidence, high water tides, storm surges, and wave conditions significantly increase the water levels during heavy rains. This research paper aims to address the absence of a community-based flood monitoring device to improve societal preparedness for unpredicted coastal floods in Bataan. The proposed automated device was installed on the shore of Kitang I, Limay Bataan, which comprises sensor nodes that collect the water level and meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure, and a gateway command center on land that receives data for cloud storage and website monitoring. The LoRa module is used to transmit and receive data remotely. It also includes an inquiry system for individuals in the community via SMS keyword. The system's reliability was assessed by comparing the results of the automated system to those of the conventional method in terms of water level and meteorological variables. The result obtained a high correlation between the two measurement methods and the smallest percentage error of 0.057 % for water level data, indicating that the ultrasonic sensors used in the device are reliable for measuring water levels. The paper also aims to help make data-based policies to reduce climate change's impact by providing data on sea-level changes over time.