Abstract
Keeping Holstein cows requires a strategic approach that maximises milk production and promotes sustainability and resilience. As global demand for dairy products continues to grow, it is increasingly important to balance the development of the industry with environmental protection. Integrating genomics and targeted breeding strategies in dairy production can significantly improve sustainability and efficiency. Genomic selection uses deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information to predict the genetic value of an animal, allowing breeders to select beneficial traits such as disease resistance, longevity, fertility, and feed efficiency. This not only increases productivity but also reduces environmental burden. Tailored breeding strategies can improve herd health and productivity and ultimately reduce the environmental footprint per unit of milk. Managing “modern” Holstein cows with a focus on sustainability and resilience means implementing practices that promote animal welfare, minimise environmental impacts, and ensure the long-term viability of the dairy farm. In the context of modern Holstein cows, the term modern refers to Holstein cows that have been selectively bred and managed using contemporary agricultural practices and scientific advancements. These practices include the application of genomics, precision breeding programs, advanced dairy cattle health care techniques, and updated herd management practices. Modern Holstein cows have been adapted and bred to meet the demands of today’s dairy industry, considering factors like economic milk production, disease resistance, and environmental sustainability. The outcome of integrating genomics-targeted breeding and feeding strategies in Holstein cow management aims to enhance sustainability, productivity, and animal welfare, which would result in a more efficient and environmentally responsible dairy industry.
