The CO2 Reduction Potential of Using Black Pellets for Energy Production in Romania

Abstract

In this study, a contextual analysis of the CO₂ reduction potential by using black pellets for energy production in Romania was performed. Black pellets have similar fuel properties to that of coal, thus representing a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative for power generation. To assess the CO₂ emissions reduction potential of the black pellet technology, two value chains for energy production were compared: one utilizing black pellets and the other using coal as the primary fuel source. The value chain of black pellets consists of biomass harvesting, the transportation of biomass from its source to the black pellets production plant, which incorporates pretreatment and steam explosion units, and finally, the utilization of black pellets for power production. The coal value chain encompasses coal mining, the transportation of the extracted coal to the power plant, and subsequent power generation. The total CO₂ emissions for power generation in a 50 MW using black pellets and coal amounted to 16.27 and 272.10 kton/y, respectively. This substantial difference in emissions primarily stems from the higher emissions associated with coal extraction and the release of CO₂ during coal combustion for power production. It is important to emphasize that power generation from black pellets results in net-zero emissions during combustion since biomass captures and stores CO₂ throughout its lifecycle. The results of this analysis demonstrate the environmental advantages attainable by replacing coal with black pellets, thus promoting a more sustainable approach to energy production.